Ladder of participation

Proposed by Sherry Arnstein in 1969, the Ladder of Citizen Participation is one of the most widely referenced and influential models in the field of democratic public participation. For local leaders, organizers, and facilitators who want to understand foundational theories of public engagement and participation, and the ways in which empowered public institutions and officials deny power to citizens, Arnstein’s seminal article is essential reading. The model also influenced many later models, including Elizabeth Rocha’s Ladder of Empowerment and Roger Hart’s Ladder of Children’s Participation.

Empowerment vs consultative approaches

It is important to take a close look at the ladder before you start your citizen participation processes and establish what is your ultimate goal is with increased citizen participation. Is it for empowerment or more for consutation purposes? Take time to discuss this with your team.