In the introductory module, you will learn more about the course program. You will explore the key foundations, principles and history of CBPR, and how this approach has become a movement towards knowledge democracy, decolonization and social change. Students will be introduced to the UN SDGs as a global blueprint for dignity, peace and prosperity for people and the planet, and also speak to some of the challenges in realizing these efforts.
Module 2 – Themes and issues in CBPR: Power dynamics, representation, ethics
Why do we need ethical principles and guidelines for community-based participatory research (CBPR)? All research raises questions about ethics: about the rigor, responsibility and respect of the practices of researchers. As a result, there are strict systems in place to encourage and enforce ethical practice. However, some kinds of research create specific challenges, which may not be adequately addressed by institutional frameworks for ethical conduct in research. This is particularly the case with participatory research, where the boundaries between researchers and ‘research subjects’ begin to blur. We will explore a host of issues that need to be carefully negotiated in this kind of research, including the ways power and control are negotiated, how people’s very personal experiences are shared and made public, and how the different needs and expectations of the participants are balanced in the design of the research process.
Module 3 – CBPR for international development: connecting to SDGs and human rights
In this module, we will discuss how CBPR contributes to the achievement of the SDGs. Though most countries strive to implement Agenda 2030, human rights can carry more concrete obligations and legal weight. Thus, a solid knowledge of the goals and how they connect to human rights can enrich the impact of action research throughout the cycle. We will explore the targets and trace them to relevant human rights frameworks and articles. Finally, we will describe how CBPR can be used in monitoring and evaluation of the SDGs. At the end of this module, you will be able to identify the concreate SDG targets and human rights linked to your projects.
Community-based mapping enables people to capture the uniqueness of a place. At its root it allows for voices usually silenced to be heard. Community mapping is used worldwide as a hands-on, engaging, knowledge-building approach for participatory and sustainable community activism. People of all ages can be involved in mapping the communities’ narratives, stories, knowledge and resources in the broadest sense. The maps they create can help support advocacy for resistance and change—literally changing the story by changing the map. Community Mapping is an excellent engagement tool in identifying and building on community assets and innovations often used for planning and advocacy.
Module 5 – Method II: Participatory Video & Photovoice
Our lives are full of stories. They connect us to each other and hold deep knowledge about place and belonging. Worldwide, Participatory Video (PV) and Photovoice are being used as creative methodologies to spark dialogue amongst participants with the ultimate goal of promoting social and political change. The process promotes mutual involvement and empowerment of participants through storytelling and knowledge sharing. Researchers and participants are actively involved in developing research goals and data analysis, as well as implementation of the results that will promote social change. In doing so it opens up new dialogical spaces, new forms of communication and a better way of addressing research questions in a holistic and engaged way. In this module participants will gain practical knowledge on video making and editing. Our lives are full of stories. They connect us to each other and hold deep knowledge about place and belonging. Worldwide, Participatory Video (PV) and Photovoice are being used as creative methodologies to spark dialogue amongst participants with the ultimate goal of promoting social and political change. The process promotes mutual involvement and empowerment of participants through storytelling and knowledge sharing. Researchers and participants are actively involved in developing research goals and data analysis, as well as implementation of the results that will promote social change. In doing so it opens up new dialogical spaces, new forms of communication and a better way of addressing research questions in a holistic and engaged way. In this module participants will gain practical knowledge on video making and editing.
This week we will explore how to make meaning of our data: also called research analysis. By thinking about and planning for the intended outcomes of our research (i.e ‘theory of change”) we are better equipped to have long-lasting and far reaching impact. We will also learn how to translate research into impact, or as it is often referred to as knowledge mobilization (KMb) or knowledge bridging. The co-creation of knowledge in principle conveys the promise of significant social impacts, and translating research into action and impact is a critical feature of CBPR. It is why we do action-oriented research! In CBPR, knowledge bridging occurs throughout the entire research process and varies widely across regions and by researcher and community. Ultimately, there is no checklist of specific actions to ensure impactful knowledge bridging, nor would such a list be desirable given the need to tailor this to specific contexts. There are however some key principles of effective knowledge bridging including 1) respect, 2) mutual understanding, and 3) researcher responsibility. We will engage in interactive sessions to explore some of the ways we might translate our knowledge findings into action.
Hall, B. and Tandon, R. ‘‘Community Based Participatory Research and Sustainable Development Goals’’, the Canadian Commission for UNESCO’s IdeaLab, December 2017. Access PDF here.
Amauchi, J., Gauthier, M., Ghezeljeh, A., Giatti, L.L., Keats, K., Sholanke, D., Zachari, D. & Gutberlet, J., 2021. The Power of community-based participatory research: Ethical and effective ways of researching. Community Development. DOI: 10.1080/15575330.2021.1936102 Access pdfhere.
Ibhakewanlan, J-O. & McGrath, S. Toward an African Community-Based Research (ACBR) Methodology. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244015613106. Access PDF here.
Juliana F. F. Amauchi, Maeva Gauthier, Abdolzaher Ghezeljeh, Leandro L.L. Giatti, Katlyn Keats, Dare Sholanke, Danae Zachari & Jutta Gutberlet (2021): The power of community-based participatory research: Ethical and effective ways of researching, Community Development, DOI: 10.1080/15575330.2021.1936102. Access PDF here.
Catherine Odora Hoppers (2021) Research on Indigenous knowledge systems:the search for cognitive justice, International Journal of Lifelong Education, 40:4, 310-327, DOI:10.1080/02601370.2021.1966109. Access PDF here.
Marjorie Mbilinyi and Gloria Shechambo2015“Experiences in Transformative Feminist Movement Building at the Grassroots Level in Tanzania” in Akosua Adomako Ampofo, Cheryl R Rodriguez & Dzodzi Tsikata eds Transatlantic Feminisms: Women and Gender Studies in Africa and the African Diaspora exington. Access PDF here.
Kain et al. (2022) Characteristics, challenges and innovations of waste picker organizations: A comparative perspective between Latin American and East African countries. PLoS ONE 17(7): e0265889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265889. Access PDF here.
Lydon, M. & Corbett, C. 2016, Community-Based Mapping: A Tool for Transformation. Access PDF here.
Bisung et. al., 2015. Using Photovoice as a Community Based Participatory Research Tool for Changing Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Behaviours in Usoma, Kenya. Access PDF here.
Bendell, K., & Sylvestre, J. (2016). How different approaches to taking pictures influences participation in a photovoice project. Action Research. doi:10.1177/1476750316653812
Hall, B. (2014). International Participatory Research Network. In D. Coghlan & M. Brydon- Miller (Eds.). The SAGE encyclopedia of action research. (Vol. 9, pp. 454-456). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezpoxy.royalroads.ca/10.1425/9781446294406.n163
Palibroda, B., Krieg, B., Murdock, L., & Havelock, J. (2009). A practical guide to photovoice: Sharing pictures, telling stories and changing communities. The Prairie Women’s Health Centre. Retrieved from: http://www.pwhce.ca/photovoice/pdf/Photovoice_manual.pdf
Sutton-Brown, C. A. (2014). Photovoice: A methodological guide. Photography and Culture. 7(2), 169-185.
Wang, C., & Burris, M. A. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment. Health Education & Behavior, 24(3), 369–387.
Tremblay & de Oliveira Jayme, 2015. Community knowledge co-creation through participatory video. PDF here.
Roque, A., Wutich, A., Quimby, B., Porter, S., Zheng, M., Hossain, M. J., & Brewis, A. (2022). Participatory approaches in water research: A review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 9(2), e1577. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1577
Wheeler, J. (2012). Using Participatory Video to Engage in Policy Processes: Representation, Power and Knowledge in Public Screenings. In E. J. Milne, C. Mitchell, & N. de Lange (Eds.), Handbook of Participatory Video (pp. 365–379). AltaMira Press.
Burns, D., Howard, J., & Ospina, S. (2021) Sage Handbook for Participatory Research. Example explained here: https://www.participatorymethods.org/resource/video-example-participatory-research-action
Phipps, D. et al. (2016). The Co-produced Pathway to Impact Describes Knowledge Mobilization Processes. Journal of Community Engagment and Scholarship. PDF here.
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