Corruption does not occur only as a top down practice, but may be upheld by social norms on every level of society. Though ultimately harmful it is not always malevolent – these researchers finds small acts of corruption as woven into the fabrics of society. When it is part and parcel of everyday life, it may be seen as unacceptable not to confirm to these norms.
To effectively counter such corruption, organisations and institutions can start by identifying positive values to guide practice.